Changelog: 2024

This changelog documents all esbuild versions published in the year 2024 (versions 0.19.12 through 0.24.2).

0.24.2

Fix regression with --define and import.meta (#4010, #4012, #4013)

The previous change in version 0.24.1 to use a more expression-like parser for define values to allow quoted property names introduced a regression that removed the ability to use --define:import.meta=.... Even though import is normally a keyword that can't be used as an identifier, ES modules special-case the import.meta expression to behave like an identifier anyway. This change fixes the regression.

This fix was contributed by @sapphi-red.

0.24.1

Allow es2024 as a target in tsconfig.json (#4004)

TypeScript recently added es2024 as a compilation target, so esbuild now supports this in the target field of tsconfig.json files, such as in the following configuration file:
```
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2024"
  }
}
```
As a reminder, the only thing that esbuild uses this field for is determining whether or not to use legacy TypeScript behavior for class fields. You can read more in the documentation.

This fix was contributed by @billyjanitsch.
Allow automatic semicolon insertion after get/set

This change fixes a grammar bug in the parser that incorrectly treated the following code as a syntax error:
```
class Foo {
  get
  *x() {}
  set
  *y() {}
}
```
The above code will be considered valid starting with this release. This change to esbuild follows a similar change to TypeScript which will allow this syntax starting with TypeScript 5.7.
Allow quoted property names in --define and --pure (#4008)

The define and pure API options now accept identifier expressions containing quoted property names. Previously all identifiers in the identifier expression had to be bare identifiers. This change now makes --define and --pure consistent with --global-name, which already supported quoted property names. For example, the following is now possible:
```
// The following code now transforms to "return true;\n"
console.log(esbuild.transformSync(
  `return process.env['SOME-TEST-VAR']`,
  { define: { 'process.env["SOME-TEST-VAR"]': 'true' } },
))
```
Note that if you're passing values like this on the command line using esbuild's --define flag, then you'll need to know how to escape quote characters for your shell. You may find esbuild's JavaScript API more ergonomic and portable than writing shell code.
Minify empty try/catch/finally blocks (#4003)

With this release, esbuild will now attempt to minify empty try blocks:
```
// Original code
try {} catch { foo() } finally { bar() }

// Old output (with --minify)
try{}catch{foo()}finally{bar()}

// New output (with --minify)
bar();
```
This can sometimes expose additional minification opportunities.
Include entryPoint metadata for the copy loader (#3985)

Almost all entry points already include a entryPoint field in the outputs map in esbuild's build metadata. However, this wasn't the case for the copy loader as that loader is a special-case that doesn't behave like other loaders. This release adds the entryPoint field in this case.
Source mappings may now contain null entries (#3310, #3878)

With this change, sources that result in an empty source map may now emit a null source mapping (i.e. one with a generated position but without a source index or original position). This change improves source map accuracy by fixing a problem where minified code from a source without any source mappings could potentially still be associated with a mapping from another source file earlier in the generated output on the same minified line. It manifests as nonsensical files in source mapped stack traces. Now the null mapping "resets" the source map so that any lookups into the minified code without any mappings resolves to null (which appears as the output file in stack traces) instead of the incorrect source file.

This change shouldn't affect anything in most situations. I'm only mentioning it in the release notes in case it introduces a bug with source mapping. It's part of a work-in-progress future feature that will let you omit certain unimportant files from the generated source map to reduce source map size.
Avoid using the parent directory name for determinism (#3998)

To make generated code more readable, esbuild includes the name of the source file when generating certain variable names within the file. Specifically bundling a CommonJS file generates a variable to store the lazily-evaluated module initializer. However, if a file is named index.js (or with a different extension), esbuild will use the name of the parent directory instead for a better name (since many packages have files all named index.js but have unique directory names).

This is problematic when the bundle entry point is named index.js and the parent directory name is non-deterministic (e.g. a temporary directory created by a build script). To avoid non-determinism in esbuild's output, esbuild will now use index instead of the parent directory in this case. Specifically this will happen if the parent directory is equal to esbuild's outbase API option, which defaults to the lowest common ancestor of all user-specified entry point paths.
Experimental support for esbuild on NetBSD (#3974)

With this release, esbuild now has a published binary executable for NetBSD in the @esbuild/netbsd-arm64 npm package, and esbuild's installer has been modified to attempt to use it when on NetBSD. Hopefully this makes installing esbuild via npm work on NetBSD. This change was contributed by @bsiegert.

⚠️ Note: NetBSD is not one of Node's supported platforms, so installing esbuild may or may not work on NetBSD depending on how Node has been patched. This is not a problem with esbuild. ⚠️

0.24.0

This release deliberately contains backwards-incompatible changes. To avoid automatically picking up releases like this, you should either be pinning the exact version of esbuild in your package.json file (recommended) or be using a version range syntax that only accepts patch upgrades such as ^0.23.0 or ~0.23.0. See npm's documentation about semver for more information.

Drop support for older platforms (#3902)

This release drops support for the following operating system:
- macOS 10.15 Catalina
This is because the Go programming language dropped support for this operating system version in Go 1.23, and this release updates esbuild from Go 1.22 to Go 1.23. Go 1.23 now requires macOS 11 Big Sur or later.

Note that this only affects the binary esbuild executables that are published to the esbuild npm package. It's still possible to compile esbuild's source code for these older operating systems. If you need to, you can compile esbuild for yourself using an older version of the Go compiler (before Go version 1.23). That might look something like this:
```
git clone https://github.com/evanw/esbuild.git
cd esbuild
go build ./cmd/esbuild
./esbuild --version
```
Fix class field decorators in TypeScript if useDefineForClassFields is false (#3913)

Setting the useDefineForClassFields flag to false in tsconfig.json means class fields use the legacy TypeScript behavior instead of the standard JavaScript behavior. Specifically they use assign semantics instead of define semantics (e.g. setters are triggered) and fields without an initializer are not initialized at all. However, when this legacy behavior is combined with standard JavaScript decorators, TypeScript switches to always initializing all fields, even those without initializers. Previously esbuild incorrectly continued to omit field initializers for this edge case. These field initializers in this case should now be emitted starting with this release.
Avoid incorrect cycle warning with tsconfig.json multiple inheritance (#3898)

TypeScript 5.0 introduced multiple inheritance for tsconfig.json files where extends can be an array of file paths. Previously esbuild would incorrectly treat files encountered more than once when processing separate subtrees of the multiple inheritance hierarchy as an inheritance cycle. With this release, tsconfig.json files containing this edge case should work correctly without generating a warning.
Handle Yarn Plug'n'Play stack overflow with tsconfig.json (#3915)

Previously a tsconfig.json file that extends another file in a package with an exports map could cause a stack overflow when Yarn's Plug'n'Play resolution was active. This edge case should work now starting with this release.
Work around more issues with Deno 1.31+ (#3917)

This version of Deno broke the stdin and stdout properties on command objects for inherited streams, which matters when you run esbuild's Deno module as the entry point (i.e. when import.meta.main is true). Previously esbuild would crash in Deno 1.31+ if you ran esbuild like that. This should be fixed starting with this release.

This fix was contributed by @Joshix-1.

0.23.1

Allow using the node: import prefix with es* targets (#3821)

The node: prefix on imports is an alternate way to import built-in node modules. For example, import fs from "fs" can also be written import fs from "node:fs". This only works with certain newer versions of node, so esbuild removes it when you target older versions of node such as with --target=node14 so that your code still works. With the way esbuild's platform-specific feature compatibility table works, this was added by saying that only newer versions of node support this feature. However, that means that a target such as --target=node18,es2022 removes the node: prefix because none of the es* targets are known to support this feature. This release adds the support for the node: flag to esbuild's internal compatibility table for es* to allow you to use compound targets like this:
```
// Original code
import fs from 'node:fs'
fs.open

// Old output (with --bundle --format=esm --platform=node --target=node18,es2022)
import fs from "fs";
fs.open;

// New output (with --bundle --format=esm --platform=node --target=node18,es2022)
import fs from "node:fs";
fs.open;
```
Fix a panic when using the CLI with invalid build flags if --analyze is present (#3834)

Previously esbuild's CLI could crash if it was invoked with flags that aren't valid for a "build" API call and the --analyze flag is present. This was caused by esbuild's internals attempting to add a Go plugin (which is how --analyze is implemented) to a null build object. The panic has been fixed in this release.
Fix incorrect location of certain error messages (#3845)

This release fixes a regression that caused certain errors relating to variable declarations to be reported at an incorrect location. The regression was introduced in version 0.18.7 of esbuild.
Print comments before case clauses in switch statements (#3838)

With this release, esbuild will attempt to print comments that come before case clauses in switch statements. This is similar to what esbuild already does for comments inside of certain types of expressions. Note that these types of comments are not printed if minification is enabled (specifically whitespace minification).
Fix a memory leak with pluginData (#3825)

With this release, the build context's internal pluginData cache will now be cleared when starting a new build. This should fix a leak of memory from plugins that return pluginData objects from onResolve and/or onLoad callbacks.

0.23.0

This release deliberately contains backwards-incompatible changes. To avoid automatically picking up releases like this, you should either be pinning the exact version of esbuild in your package.json file (recommended) or be using a version range syntax that only accepts patch upgrades such as ^0.22.0 or ~0.22.0. See npm's documentation about semver for more information.

Revert the recent change to avoid bundling dependencies for node (#3819)

This release reverts the recent change in version 0.22.0 that made --packages=external the default behavior with --platform=node. The default is now back to --packages=bundle.

I've just been made aware that Amazon doesn't pin their dependencies in their "AWS CDK" product, which means that whenever esbuild publishes a new release, many people (potentially everyone?) using their SDK around the world instantly starts using it without Amazon checking that it works first. This change in version 0.22.0 happened to break their SDK. I'm amazed that things haven't broken before this point. This revert attempts to avoid these problems for Amazon's customers. Hopefully Amazon will pin their dependencies in the future.

In addition, this is probably a sign that esbuild is used widely enough that it now needs to switch to a more complicated release model. I may have esbuild use a beta channel model for further development.
Fix preserving collapsed JSX whitespace (#3818)

When transformed, certain whitespace inside JSX elements is ignored completely if it collapses to an empty string. However, the whitespace should only be ignored if the JSX is being transformed, not if it's being preserved. This release fixes a bug where esbuild was previously incorrectly ignoring collapsed whitespace with --jsx=preserve. Here is an example:
```
// Original code
<Foo>
  <Bar />
</Foo>

// Old output (with --jsx=preserve)
<Foo><Bar /></Foo>;

// New output (with --jsx=preserve)
<Foo>
  <Bar />
</Foo>;
```

0.22.0

This release deliberately contains backwards-incompatible changes. To avoid automatically picking up releases like this, you should either be pinning the exact version of esbuild in your package.json file (recommended) or be using a version range syntax that only accepts patch upgrades such as ^0.21.0 or ~0.21.0. See npm's documentation about semver for more information.

Omit packages from bundles by default when targeting node (#1874, #2830, #2846, #2915, #3145, #3294, #3323, #3582, #3809, #3815)

This breaking change is an experiment. People are commonly confused when using esbuild to bundle code for node (i.e. for --platform=node) because some packages may not be intended for bundlers, and may use node-specific features that don't work with a bundler. Even though esbuild's "getting started" instructions say to use --packages=external to work around this problem, many people don't read the documentation and don't do this, and are then confused when it doesn't work. So arguably this is a bad default behavior for esbuild to have if people keep tripping over this.

With this release, esbuild will now omit packages from the bundle by default when the platform is node (i.e. the previous behavior of --packages=external is now the default in this case). Note that your dependencies must now be present on the file system when your bundle is run. If you don't want this behavior, you can do --packages=bundle to allow packages to be included in the bundle (i.e. the previous default behavior). Note that --packages=bundle doesn't mean all packages are bundled, just that packages are allowed to be bundled. You can still exclude individual packages from the bundle using --external: even when --packages=bundle is present.

The --packages= setting considers all import paths that "look like" package imports in the original source code to be package imports. Specifically import paths that don't start with a path segment of / or . or .. are considered to be package imports. The only two exceptions to this rule are subpath imports (which start with a # character) and TypeScript path remappings via paths and/or baseUrl in tsconfig.json (which are applied first).
Drop support for older platforms (#3802)

This release drops support for the following operating systems:
- Windows 7
- Windows 8
- Windows Server 2008
- Windows Server 2012
This is because the Go programming language dropped support for these operating system versions in Go 1.21, and this release updates esbuild from Go 1.20 to Go 1.22.

Note that this only affects the binary esbuild executables that are published to the esbuild npm package. It's still possible to compile esbuild's source code for these older operating systems. If you need to, you can compile esbuild for yourself using an older version of the Go compiler (before Go version 1.21). That might look something like this:
```
git clone https://github.com/evanw/esbuild.git
cd esbuild
go build ./cmd/esbuild
./esbuild.exe --version
```
In addition, this release increases the minimum required node version for esbuild's JavaScript API from node 12 to node 18. Node 18 is the oldest version of node that is still being supported (see node's release schedule for more information). This increase is because of an incompatibility between the JavaScript that the Go compiler generates for the esbuild-wasm package and versions of node before node 17.4 (specifically the crypto.getRandomValues function).
Update await using behavior to match TypeScript

TypeScript 5.5 subtly changes the way await using behaves. This release updates esbuild to match these changes in TypeScript. You can read more about these changes in microsoft/TypeScript#58624.
Allow es2024 as a target environment

The ECMAScript 2024 specification was just approved, so it has been added to esbuild as a possible compilation target. You can read more about the features that it adds here: https://2ality.com/2024/06/ecmascript-2024.html. The only addition that's relevant for esbuild is the regular expression /v flag. With --target=es2024, regular expressions that use the /v flag will now be passed through untransformed instead of being transformed into a call to new RegExp.
Publish binaries for OpenBSD on 64-bit ARM (#3665, #3674)

With this release, you should now be able to install the esbuild npm package in OpenBSD on 64-bit ARM, such as on an Apple device with an M1 chip.

This was contributed by @ikmckenz.
Publish binaries for WASI (WebAssembly System Interface) preview 1 (#3300, #3779)

The upcoming WASI (WebAssembly System Interface) standard is going to be a way to run WebAssembly outside of a JavaScript host environment. In this scenario you only need a .wasm file without any supporting JavaScript code. Instead of JavaScript providing the APIs for the host environment, the WASI standard specifies a "system interface" that WebAssembly code can access directly (e.g. for file system access).

Development versions of the WASI specification are being released using preview numbers. The people behind WASI are currently working on preview 2 but the Go compiler has released support for preview 1, which from what I understand is now considered an unsupported legacy release. However, some people have requested that esbuild publish binary executables that support WASI preview 1 so they can experiment with them.

This release publishes esbuild precompiled for WASI preview 1 to the @esbuild/wasi-preview1 package on npm (specifically the file @esbuild/wasi-preview1/esbuild.wasm). This binary executable has not been tested and won't be officially supported, as it's for an old preview release of a specification that has since moved in another direction. If it works for you, great! If not, then you'll likely have to wait for the ecosystem to evolve before using esbuild with WASI. For example, it sounds like perhaps WASI preview 1 doesn't include support for opening network sockets so esbuild's local development server is unlikely to work with WASI preview 1.
Warn about onResolve plugins not setting a path (#3790)

Plugins that return values from onResolve without resolving the path (i.e. without setting either path or external: true) will now cause a warning. This is because esbuild only uses return values from onResolve if it successfully resolves the path, and it's not good for invalid input to be silently ignored.
Add a new Go API for running the CLI with plugins (#3539)

With esbuild's Go API, you can now call cli.RunWithPlugins(args, plugins) to pass an array of esbuild plugins to be used during the build process. This allows you to create a CLI that behaves similarly to esbuild's CLI but with additional Go plugins enabled.

This was contributed by @edewit.

0.21.5

Fix Symbol.metadata on classes without a class decorator (#3781)

This release fixes a bug with esbuild's support for the decorator metadata proposal. Previously esbuild only added the Symbol.metadata property to decorated classes if there was a decorator on the class element itself. However, the proposal says that the Symbol.metadata property should be present on all classes that have any decorators at all, not just those with a decorator on the class element itself.
Allow unknown import attributes to be used with the copy loader (#3792)

Import attributes (the with keyword on import statements) are allowed to alter how that path is loaded. For example, esbuild cannot assume that it knows how to load ./bagel.js as type bagel:
```
// This is an error with "--bundle" without also using "--external:./bagel.js"
import tasty from "./bagel.js" with { type: "bagel" }
```
Because of that, bundling this code with esbuild is an error unless the file ./bagel.js is external to the bundle (such as with --bundle --external:./bagel.js).

However, there is an additional case where it's ok for esbuild to allow this: if the file is loaded using the copy loader. That's because the copy loader behaves similarly to --external in that the file is left external to the bundle. The difference is that the copy loader copies the file into the output folder and rewrites the import path while --external doesn't. That means the following will now work with the copy loader (such as with --bundle --loader:.bagel=copy):
```
// This is no longer an error with "--bundle" and "--loader:.bagel=copy"
import tasty from "./tasty.bagel" with { type: "bagel" }
```
Support import attributes with glob-style imports (#3797)

This release adds support for import attributes (the with option) to glob-style imports (dynamic imports with certain string literal patterns as paths). These imports previously didn't support import attributes due to an oversight. So code like this will now work correctly:
```
async function loadLocale(locale: string): Locale {
  const data = await import(`./locales/${locale}.data`, { with: { type: 'json' } })
  return unpackLocale(locale, data)
}
```
Previously this didn't work even though esbuild normally supports forcing the JSON loader using an import attribute. Attempting to do this used to result in the following error:
```
✘ [ERROR] No loader is configured for ".data" files: locales/en-US.data

    example.ts:2:28:
      2 │   const data = await import(`./locales/${locale}.data`, { with: { type: 'json' } })
        ╵                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
```
In addition, this change means plugins can now access the contents of with for glob-style imports.
Support ${configDir} in tsconfig.json files (#3782)

This adds support for a new feature from the upcoming TypeScript 5.5 release. The character sequence ${configDir} is now respected at the start of baseUrl and paths values, which are used by esbuild during bundling to correctly map import paths to file system paths. This feature lets base tsconfig.json files specified via extends refer to the directory of the top-level tsconfig.json file. Here is an example:
```
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "paths": {
      "js/*": ["${configDir}/dist/js/*"]
    }
  }
}
```
You can read more in TypeScript's blog post about their upcoming 5.5 release. Note that this feature does not make use of template literals (you need to use "${configDir}/dist/js/*" not `${configDir}/dist/js/*`). The syntax for tsconfig.json is still just JSON with comments, and JSON syntax does not allow template literals. This feature only recognizes ${configDir} in strings for certain path-like properties, and only at the beginning of the string.
Fix internal error with --supported:object-accessors=false (#3794)

This release fixes a regression in 0.21.0 where some code that was added to esbuild's internal runtime library of helper functions for JavaScript decorators fails to parse when you configure esbuild with --supported:object-accessors=false. The reason is that esbuild introduced code that does { get [name]() {} } which uses both the object-extensions feature for the [name] and the object-accessors feature for the get, but esbuild was incorrectly only checking for object-extensions and not for object-accessors. Additional tests have been added to avoid this type of issue in the future. A workaround for this issue in earlier releases is to also add --supported:object-extensions=false.

0.21.4

Update support for import assertions and import attributes in node (#3778)

Import assertions (the assert keyword) have been removed from node starting in v22.0.0. So esbuild will now strip them and generate a warning with --target=node22 or above:

▲ [WARNING] The "assert" keyword is not supported in the configured target environment ("node22") [assert-to-with]

    example.mjs:1:40:
      1 │ import json from "esbuild/package.json" assert { type: "json" }
        │                                         ~~~~~~
        ╵                                         with

  Did you mean to use "with" instead of "assert"?

Import attributes (the with keyword) have been backported to node 18 starting in v18.20.0. So esbuild will no longer strip them with --target=node18.N if N is 20 or greater.

Fix for await transform when a label is present

This release fixes a bug where the for await transform, which wraps the loop in a try statement, previously failed to also move the loop's label into the try statement. This bug only affects code that uses both of these features in combination. Here's an example of some affected code:

// Original code
async function test() {
  outer: for await (const x of [Promise.resolve([0, 1])]) {
    for (const y of x) if (y) break outer
    throw 'fail'
  }
}

// Old output (with --target=es6)
function test() {
  return __async(this, null, function* () {
    outer: try {
      for (var iter = __forAwait([Promise.resolve([0, 1])]), more, temp, error; more = !(temp = yield iter.next()).done; more = false) {
        const x = temp.value;
        for (const y of x) if (y) break outer;
        throw "fail";
      }
    } catch (temp) {
      error = [temp];
    } finally {
      try {
        more && (temp = iter.return) && (yield temp.call(iter));
      } finally {
        if (error)
          throw error[0];
      }
    }
  });
}

// New output (with --target=es6)
function test() {
  return __async(this, null, function* () {
    try {
      outer: for (var iter = __forAwait([Promise.resolve([0, 1])]), more, temp, error; more = !(temp = yield iter.next()).done; more = false) {
        const x = temp.value;
        for (const y of x) if (y) break outer;
        throw "fail";
      }
    } catch (temp) {
      error = [temp];
    } finally {
      try {
        more && (temp = iter.return) && (yield temp.call(iter));
      } finally {
        if (error)
          throw error[0];
      }
    }
  });
}

Do additional constant folding after cross-module enum inlining (#3416, #3425)

This release adds a few more cases where esbuild does constant folding after cross-module enum inlining.

// Original code: enum.ts
export enum Platform {
  WINDOWS = 'windows',
  MACOS = 'macos',
  LINUX = 'linux',
}

// Original code: main.ts
import { Platform } from './enum';
declare const PLATFORM: string;
export function logPlatform() {
  if (PLATFORM == Platform.WINDOWS) console.log('Windows');
  else if (PLATFORM == Platform.MACOS) console.log('macOS');
  else if (PLATFORM == Platform.LINUX) console.log('Linux');
  else console.log('Other');
}

// Old output (with --bundle '--define:PLATFORM="macos"' --minify --format=esm)
function n(){"windows"=="macos"?console.log("Windows"):"macos"=="macos"?console.log("macOS"):"linux"=="macos"?console.log("Linux"):console.log("Other")}export{n as logPlatform};

// New output (with --bundle '--define:PLATFORM="macos"' --minify --format=esm)
function n(){console.log("macOS")}export{n as logPlatform};

Pass import attributes to on-resolve plugins (#3384, #3639, #3646)

With this release, on-resolve plugins will now have access to the import attributes on the import via the with property of the arguments object. This mirrors the with property of the arguments object that's already passed to on-load plugins. In addition, you can now pass with to the resolve() API call which will then forward that value on to all relevant plugins. Here's an example of a plugin that can now be written:

const examplePlugin = {
  name: 'Example plugin',
  setup(build) {
    build.onResolve({ filter: /.*/ }, args => {
      if (args.with.type === 'external')
        return { external: true }
    })
  }
}

require('esbuild').build({
  stdin: {
    contents: `
      import foo from "./foo" with { type: "external" }
      foo()
    `,
  },
  bundle: true,
  format: 'esm',
  write: false,
  plugins: [examplePlugin],
}).then(result => {
  console.log(result.outputFiles[0].text)
})

Formatting support for the @position-try rule (#3773)

Chrome shipped this new CSS at-rule in version 125 as part of the CSS anchor positioning API. With this release, esbuild now knows to expect a declaration list inside of the @position-try body block and will format it appropriately.
Always allow internal string import and export aliases (#3343)

Import and export names can be string literals in ES2022+. Previously esbuild forbid any usage of these aliases when the target was below ES2022. Starting with this release, esbuild will only forbid such usage when the alias would otherwise end up in output as a string literal. String literal aliases that are only used internally in the bundle and are "compiled away" are no longer errors. This makes it possible to use string literal aliases with esbuild's inject feature even when the target is earlier than ES2022.

0.21.3

Implement the decorator metadata proposal (#3760)

This release implements the decorator metadata proposal, which is a sub-proposal of the decorators proposal. Microsoft shipped the decorators proposal in TypeScript 5.0 and the decorator metadata proposal in TypeScript 5.2, so it's important that esbuild also supports both of these features. Here's a quick example:
```
// Shim the "Symbol.metadata" symbol
Symbol.metadata ??= Symbol('Symbol.metadata')

const track = (_, context) => {
  (context.metadata.names ||= []).push(context.name)
}

class Foo {
  @track foo = 1
  @track bar = 2
}

// Prints ["foo", "bar"]
console.log(Foo[Symbol.metadata].names)
```
⚠️ WARNING ⚠️

This proposal has been marked as "stage 3" which means "recommended for implementation". However, it's still a work in progress and isn't a part of JavaScript yet, so keep in mind that any code that uses JavaScript decorator metadata may need to be updated as the feature continues to evolve. If/when that happens, I will update esbuild's implementation to match the specification. I will not be supporting old versions of the specification.
Fix bundled decorators in derived classes (#3768)

In certain cases, bundling code that uses decorators in a derived class with a class body that references its own class name could previously generate code that crashes at run-time due to an incorrect variable name. This problem has been fixed. Here is an example of code that was compiled incorrectly before this fix:
```
class Foo extends Object {
  @(x => x) foo() {
    return Foo
  }
}
console.log(new Foo().foo())
```
Fix tsconfig.json files inside symlinked directories (#3767)

This release fixes an issue with a scenario involving a tsconfig.json file that extends another file from within a symlinked directory that uses the paths feature. In that case, the implicit baseURL value should be based on the real path (i.e. after expanding all symbolic links) instead of the original path. This was already done for other files that esbuild resolves but was not yet done for tsconfig.json because it's special-cased (the regular path resolver can't be used because the information inside tsconfig.json is involved in path resolution). Note that this fix no longer applies if the --preserve-symlinks setting is enabled.

0.21.2

Correct this in field and accessor decorators (#3761)

This release changes the value of this in initializers for class field and accessor decorators from the module-level this value to the appropriate this value for the decorated element (either the class or the instance). It was previously incorrect due to lack of test coverage. Here's an example of a decorator that doesn't work without this change:
```
const dec = () => function() { this.bar = true }
class Foo { @dec static foo }
console.log(Foo.bar) // Should be "true"
```
Allow es2023 as a target environment (#3762)

TypeScript recently added es2023 as a compilation target, so esbuild now supports this too. There is no difference between a target of es2022 and es2023 as far as esbuild is concerned since the 2023 edition of JavaScript doesn't introduce any new syntax features.

0.21.1

Fix a regression with --keep-names (#3756)

The previous release introduced a regression with the --keep-names setting and object literals with get/set accessor methods, in which case the generated code contained syntax errors. This release fixes the regression:
```
// Original code
x = { get y() {} }

// Output from version 0.21.0 (with --keep-names)
x = { get y: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(function() {
}, "y") };

// Output from this version (with --keep-names)
x = { get y() {
} };
```

0.21.0

This release doesn't contain any deliberately-breaking changes. However, it contains a very complex new feature and while all of esbuild's tests pass, I would not be surprised if an important edge case turns out to be broken. So I'm releasing this as a breaking change release to avoid causing any trouble. As usual, make sure to test your code when you upgrade.

Implement the JavaScript decorators proposal (#104)

With this release, esbuild now contains an implementation of the upcoming JavaScript decorators proposal. This is the same feature that shipped in TypeScript 5.0 and has been highly-requested on esbuild's issue tracker. You can read more about them in that blog post and in this other (now slightly outdated) extensive blog post here: https://2ality.com/2022/10/javascript-decorators.html. Here's a quick example:
```
const log = (fn, context) => function() {
  console.log(`before ${context.name}`)
  const it = fn.apply(this, arguments)
  console.log(`after ${context.name}`)
  return it
}

class Foo {
  @log static foo() {
    console.log('in foo')
  }
}

// Logs "before foo", "in foo", "after foo"
Foo.foo()
```
Note that this feature is different than the existing "TypeScript experimental decorators" feature that esbuild already implements. It uses similar syntax but behaves very differently, and the two are not compatible (although it's sometimes possible to write decorators that work with both). TypeScript experimental decorators will still be supported by esbuild going forward as they have been around for a long time, are very widely used, and let you do certain things that are not possible with JavaScript decorators (such as decorating function parameters). By default esbuild will parse and transform JavaScript decorators, but you can tell esbuild to parse and transform TypeScript experimental decorators instead by setting "experimentalDecorators": true in your tsconfig.json file.

Probably at least half of the work for this feature went into creating a test suite that exercises many of the proposal's edge cases: https://github.com/evanw/decorator-tests. It has given me a reasonable level of confidence that esbuild's initial implementation is acceptable. However, I don't have access to a significant sample of real code that uses JavaScript decorators. If you're currently using JavaScript decorators in a real code base, please try out esbuild's implementation and let me know if anything seems off.

⚠️ WARNING ⚠️

This proposal has been in the works for a very long time (work began around 10 years ago in 2014) and it is finally getting close to becoming part of the JavaScript language. However, it's still a work in progress and isn't a part of JavaScript yet, so keep in mind that any code that uses JavaScript decorators may need to be updated as the feature continues to evolve. The decorators proposal is pretty close to its final form but it can and likely will undergo some small behavioral adjustments before it ends up becoming a part of the standard. If/when that happens, I will update esbuild's implementation to match the specification. I will not be supporting old versions of the specification.

Optimize the generated code for private methods

Previously when lowering private methods for old browsers, esbuild would generate one WeakSet for each private method. This mirrors similar logic for generating one WeakSet for each private field. Using a separate WeakMap for private fields is necessary as their assignment can be observable:

let it
class Bar {
  constructor() {
    it = this
  }
}
class Foo extends Bar {
  #x = 1
  #y = null.foo
  static check() {
    console.log(#x in it, #y in it)
  }
}
try { new Foo } catch {}
Foo.check()

This prints true false because this partially-initialized instance has #x but not #y. In other words, it's not true that all class instances will always have all of their private fields. However, the assignment of private methods to a class instance is not observable. In other words, it's true that all class instances will always have all of their private methods. This means esbuild can lower private methods into code where all methods share a single WeakSet, which is smaller, faster, and uses less memory. Other JavaScript processing tools such as the TypeScript compiler already make this optimization. Here's what this change looks like:

// Original code
class Foo {
  #x() { return this.#x() }
  #y() { return this.#y() }
  #z() { return this.#z() }
}

// Old output (--supported:class-private-method=false)
var _x, x_fn, _y, y_fn, _z, z_fn;
class Foo {
  constructor() {
    __privateAdd(this, _x);
    __privateAdd(this, _y);
    __privateAdd(this, _z);
  }
}
_x = new WeakSet();
x_fn = function() {
  return __privateMethod(this, _x, x_fn).call(this);
};
_y = new WeakSet();
y_fn = function() {
  return __privateMethod(this, _y, y_fn).call(this);
};
_z = new WeakSet();
z_fn = function() {
  return __privateMethod(this, _z, z_fn).call(this);
};

// New output (--supported:class-private-method=false)
var _Foo_instances, x_fn, y_fn, z_fn;
class Foo {
  constructor() {
    __privateAdd(this, _Foo_instances);
  }
}
_Foo_instances = new WeakSet();
x_fn = function() {
  return __privateMethod(this, _Foo_instances, x_fn).call(this);
};
y_fn = function() {
  return __privateMethod(this, _Foo_instances, y_fn).call(this);
};
z_fn = function() {
  return __privateMethod(this, _Foo_instances, z_fn).call(this);
};

Fix an obscure bug with lowering class members with computed property keys

When class members that use newer syntax features are transformed for older target environments, they sometimes need to be relocated. However, care must be taken to not reorder any side effects caused by computed property keys. For example, the following code must evaluate a() then b() then c():
```
class Foo {
  [a()]() {}
  [b()];
  static { c() }
}
```
Previously esbuild did this by shifting the computed property key forward to the next spot in the evaluation order. Classes evaluate all computed keys first and then all static class elements, so if the last computed key needs to be shifted, esbuild previously inserted a static block at start of the class body, ensuring it came before all other static class elements:
```
var _a;
class Foo {
  constructor() {
    __publicField(this, _a);
  }
  static {
    _a = b();
  }
  [a()]() {
  }
  static {
    c();
  }
}
```
However, this could cause esbuild to accidentally generate a syntax error if the computed property key contains code that isn't allowed in a static block, such as an await expression. With this release, esbuild fixes this problem by shifting the computed property key backward to the previous spot in the evaluation order instead, which may push it into the extends clause or even before the class itself:
```
// Original code
class Foo {
  [a()]() {}
  [await b()];
  static { c() }
}

// Old output (with --supported:class-field=false)
var _a;
class Foo {
  constructor() {
    __publicField(this, _a);
  }
  static {
    _a = await b();
  }
  [a()]() {
  }
  static {
    c();
  }
}

// New output (with --supported:class-field=false)
var _a, _b;
class Foo {
  constructor() {
    __publicField(this, _a);
  }
  [(_b = a(), _a = await b(), _b)]() {
  }
  static {
    c();
  }
}
```
Fix some --keep-names edge cases

The NamedEvaluation syntax-directed operation in the JavaScript specification gives certain anonymous expressions a name property depending on where they are in the syntax tree. For example, the following initializers convey a name value:
```
var foo = function() {}
var bar = class {}
console.log(foo.name, bar.name)
```
When you enable esbuild's --keep-names setting, esbuild generates additional code to represent this NamedEvaluation operation so that the value of the name property persists even when the identifiers are renamed (e.g. due to minification).

However, I recently learned that esbuild's implementation of NamedEvaluation is missing a few cases. Specifically esbuild was missing property definitions, class initializers, logical-assignment operators. These cases should now all be handled:
```
var obj = { foo: function() {} }
class Foo0 { foo = function() {} }
class Foo1 { static foo = function() {} }
class Foo2 { accessor foo = function() {} }
class Foo3 { static accessor foo = function() {} }
foo ||= function() {}
foo &&= function() {}
foo ??= function() {}
```

0.20.2

Support TypeScript experimental decorators on abstract class fields (#3684)

With this release, you can now use TypeScript experimental decorators on abstract class fields. This was silently compiled incorrectly in esbuild 0.19.7 and below, and was an error from esbuild 0.19.8 to esbuild 0.20.1. Code such as the following should now work correctly:

// Original code
const log = (x: any, y: string) => console.log(y)
abstract class Foo { @log abstract foo: string }
new class extends Foo { foo = '' }

// Old output (with --loader=ts --tsconfig-raw={\"compilerOptions\":{\"experimentalDecorators\":true}})
const log = (x, y) => console.log(y);
class Foo {
}
new class extends Foo {
  foo = "";
}();

// New output (with --loader=ts --tsconfig-raw={\"compilerOptions\":{\"experimentalDecorators\":true}})
const log = (x, y) => console.log(y);
class Foo {
}
__decorateClass([
  log
], Foo.prototype, "foo", 2);
new class extends Foo {
  foo = "";
}();

JSON loader now preserves __proto__ properties (#3700)

Copying JSON source code into a JavaScript file will change its meaning if a JSON object contains the __proto__ key. A literal __proto__ property in a JavaScript object literal sets the prototype of the object instead of adding a property named __proto__, while a literal __proto__ property in a JSON object literal just adds a property named __proto__. With this release, esbuild will now work around this problem by converting JSON to JavaScript with a computed property key in this case:

// Original code
import data from 'data:application/json,{"__proto__":{"fail":true}}'
if (Object.getPrototypeOf(data)?.fail) throw 'fail'

// Old output (with --bundle)
(() => {
  // <data:application/json,{"__proto__":{"fail":true}}>
  var json_proto_fail_true_default = { __proto__: { fail: true } };

  // entry.js
  if (Object.getPrototypeOf(json_proto_fail_true_default)?.fail)
    throw "fail";
})();

// New output (with --bundle)
(() => {
  // <data:application/json,{"__proto__":{"fail":true}}>
  var json_proto_fail_true_default = { ["__proto__"]: { fail: true } };

  // example.mjs
  if (Object.getPrototypeOf(json_proto_fail_true_default)?.fail)
    throw "fail";
})();

Improve dead code removal of switch statements (#3659)

With this release, esbuild will now remove switch statements in branches when minifying if they are known to never be evaluated:

// Original code
if (true) foo(); else switch (bar) { case 1: baz(); break }

// Old output (with --minify)
if(1)foo();else switch(bar){case 1:}

// New output (with --minify)
foo();

Empty enums should behave like an object literal (#3657)

TypeScript allows you to create an empty enum and add properties to it at run time. While people usually use an empty object literal for this instead of a TypeScript enum, esbuild's enum transform didn't anticipate this use case and generated undefined instead of {} for an empty enum. With this release, you can now use an empty enum to generate an empty object literal.
```
// Original code
enum Foo {}

// Old output (with --loader=ts)
var Foo = /* @__PURE__ */ ((Foo2) => {
})(Foo || {});

// New output (with --loader=ts)
var Foo = /* @__PURE__ */ ((Foo2) => {
  return Foo2;
})(Foo || {});
```
Handle Yarn Plug'n'Play edge case with tsconfig.json (#3698)

Previously a tsconfig.json file that extends another file in a package with an exports map failed to work when Yarn's Plug'n'Play resolution was active. This edge case should work now starting with this release.
Work around issues with Deno 1.31+ (#3682)

Version 0.20.0 of esbuild changed how the esbuild child process is run in esbuild's API for Deno. Previously it used Deno.run but that API is being removed in favor of Deno.Command. As part of this change, esbuild is now calling the new unref function on esbuild's long-lived child process, which is supposed to allow Deno to exit when your code has finished running even though the child process is still around (previously you had to explicitly call esbuild's stop() function to terminate the child process for Deno to be able to exit).

However, this introduced a problem for Deno's testing API which now fails some tests that use esbuild with error: Promise resolution is still pending but the event loop has already resolved. It's unclear to me why this is happening. The call to unref was recommended by someone on the Deno core team, and calling Node's equivalent unref API has been working fine for esbuild in Node for a long time. It could be that I'm using it incorrectly, or that there's some reference counting and/or garbage collection bug in Deno's internals, or that Deno's unref just works differently than Node's unref. In any case, it's not good for Deno tests that use esbuild to be failing.

In this release, I am removing the call to unref to fix this issue. This means that you will now have to call esbuild's stop() function to allow Deno to exit, just like you did before esbuild version 0.20.0 when this regression was introduced.

Note: This regression wasn't caught earlier because Deno doesn't seem to fail tests that have outstanding setTimeout calls, which esbuild's test harness was using to enforce a maximum test runtime. Adding a setTimeout was allowing esbuild's Deno tests to succeed. So this regression doesn't necessarily apply to all people using tests in Deno.

0.20.1

Fix a bug with the CSS nesting transform (#3648)

This release fixes a bug with the CSS nesting transform for older browsers where the generated CSS could be incorrect if a selector list contained a pseudo element followed by another selector. The bug was caused by incorrectly mutating the parent rule's selector list when filtering out pseudo elements for the child rules:
```
/* Original code */
.foo {
  &:after,
  & .bar {
    color: red;
  }
}

/* Old output (with --supported:nesting=false) */
.foo .bar,
.foo .bar {
  color: red;
}

/* New output (with --supported:nesting=false) */
.foo:after,
.foo .bar {
  color: red;
}
```
Constant folding for JavaScript inequality operators (#3645)

This release introduces constant folding for the < > <= >= operators. The minifier will now replace these operators with true or false when both sides are compile-time numeric or string constants:
```
// Original code
console.log(1 < 2, '🍕' > '🧀')

// Old output (with --minify)
console.log(1<2,"🍕">"🧀");

// New output (with --minify)
console.log(!0,!1);
```

Better handling of __proto__ edge cases (#3651)

JavaScript object literal syntax contains a special case where a non-computed property with a key of __proto__ sets the prototype of the object. This does not apply to computed properties or to properties that use the shorthand property syntax introduced in ES6. Previously esbuild didn't correctly preserve the "sets the prototype" status of properties inside an object literal, meaning a property that sets the prototype could accidentally be transformed into one that doesn't and vice versa. This has now been fixed:

// Original code
function foo(__proto__) {
  return { __proto__: __proto__ } // Note: sets the prototype
}
function bar(__proto__, proto) {
  {
    let __proto__ = proto
    return { __proto__ } // Note: doesn't set the prototype
  }
}

// Old output
function foo(__proto__) {
  return { __proto__ }; // Note: no longer sets the prototype (WRONG)
}
function bar(__proto__, proto) {
  {
    let __proto__2 = proto;
    return { __proto__: __proto__2 }; // Note: now sets the prototype (WRONG)
  }
}

// New output
function foo(__proto__) {
  return { __proto__: __proto__ }; // Note: sets the prototype (correct)
}
function bar(__proto__, proto) {
  {
    let __proto__2 = proto;
    return { ["__proto__"]: __proto__2 }; // Note: doesn't set the prototype (correct)
  }
}

Fix cross-platform non-determinism with CSS color space transformations (#3650)

The Go compiler takes advantage of "fused multiply and add" (FMA) instructions on certain processors which do the operation x*y + z without intermediate rounding. This causes esbuild's CSS color space math to differ on different processors (currently ppc64le and s390x), which breaks esbuild's guarantee of deterministic output. To avoid this, esbuild's color space math now inserts a float64() cast around every single math operation. This tells the Go compiler not to use the FMA optimization.
Fix a crash when resolving a path from a directory that doesn't exist (#3634)

This release fixes a regression where esbuild could crash when resolving an absolute path if the source directory for the path resolution operation doesn't exist. While this situation doesn't normally come up, it could come up when running esbuild concurrently with another operation that mutates the file system as esbuild is doing a build (such as using git to switch branches). The underlying problem was a regression that was introduced in version 0.18.0.

0.20.0

This release deliberately contains backwards-incompatible changes. To avoid automatically picking up releases like this, you should either be pinning the exact version of esbuild in your package.json file (recommended) or be using a version range syntax that only accepts patch upgrades such as ^0.19.0 or ~0.19.0. See npm's documentation about semver for more information.

This time there is only one breaking change, and it only matters for people using Deno. Deno tests that use esbuild will now fail unless you make the change described below.

Work around API deprecations in Deno 1.40.x (#3609, #3611)

Deno 1.40.0 was just released and introduced run-time warnings about certain APIs that esbuild uses. With this release, esbuild will work around these run-time warnings by using newer APIs if they are present and falling back to the original APIs otherwise. This should avoid the warnings without breaking compatibility with older versions of Deno.

Unfortunately, doing this introduces a breaking change. The newer child process APIs lack a way to synchronously terminate esbuild's child process, so calling esbuild.stop() from within a Deno test is no longer sufficient to prevent Deno from failing a test that uses esbuild's API (Deno fails tests that create a child process without killing it before the test ends). To work around this, esbuild's stop() function has been changed to return a promise, and you now have to change esbuild.stop() to await esbuild.stop() in all of your Deno tests.
Reorder implicit file extensions within node_modules (#3341, #3608)

In version 0.18.0, esbuild changed the behavior of implicit file extensions within node_modules directories (i.e. in published packages) to prefer .js over .ts even when the --resolve-extensions= order prefers .ts over .js (which it does by default). However, doing that also accidentally made esbuild prefer .css over .ts, which caused problems for people that published packages containing both TypeScript and CSS in files with the same name.

With this release, esbuild will reorder TypeScript file extensions immediately after the last JavaScript file extensions in the implicit file extension order instead of putting them at the end of the order. Specifically the default implicit file extension order is .tsx,.ts,.jsx,.js,.css,.json which used to become .jsx,.js,.css,.json,.tsx,.ts in node_modules directories. With this release it will now become .jsx,.js,.tsx,.ts,.css,.json instead.

Why even rewrite the implicit file extension order at all? One reason is because the .js file is more likely to behave correctly than the .ts file. The behavior of the .ts file may depend on tsconfig.json and the tsconfig.json file may not even be published, or may use extends to refer to a base tsconfig.json file that wasn't published. People can get into this situation when they forget to add all .ts files to their .npmignore file before publishing to npm. Picking .js over .ts helps make it more likely that resulting bundle will behave correctly.

0.19.12

The "preserve" JSX mode now preserves JSX text verbatim (#3605)

The JSX specification deliberately doesn't specify how JSX text is supposed to be interpreted and there is no canonical way to interpret JSX text. Two most popular interpretations are Babel and TypeScript. Yes they are different (esbuild deliberately follows TypeScript by the way).

Previously esbuild normalized text to the TypeScript interpretation when the "preserve" JSX mode is active. However, "preserve" should arguably reproduce the original JSX text verbatim so that whatever JSX transform runs after esbuild is free to interpret it however it wants. So with this release, esbuild will now pass JSX text through unmodified:
```
// Original code
let el =
  <a href={'/'} title='&apos;&quot;'> some text
    {foo}
      more text </a>

// Old output (with --loader=jsx --jsx=preserve)
let el = <a href="/" title={`'"`}>
  {" some text"}
  {foo}
  {"more text "}
</a>;

// New output (with --loader=jsx --jsx=preserve)
let el = <a href={"/"} title='&apos;&quot;'> some text
    {foo}
      more text </a>;
```
Allow JSX elements as JSX attribute values

JSX has an obscure feature where you can use JSX elements in attribute position without surrounding them with {...}. It looks like this:
```
let el = <div data-ab=<><a/><b/></>/>;
```
I think I originally didn't implement it even though it's part of the JSX specification because it previously didn't work in TypeScript (and potentially also in Babel?). However, support for it was silently added in TypeScript 4.8 without me noticing and Babel has also since fixed their bugs regarding this feature. So I'm adding it to esbuild too now that I know it's widely supported.

Keep in mind that there is some ongoing discussion about removing this feature from JSX. I agree that the syntax seems out of place (it does away with the elegance of "JSX is basically just XML with {...} escapes" for something arguably harder to read, which doesn't seem like a good trade-off), but it's in the specification and TypeScript and Babel both implement it so I'm going to have esbuild implement it too. However, I reserve the right to remove it from esbuild if it's ever removed from the specification in the future. So use it with caution.
Fix a bug with TypeScript type parsing (#3574)

This release fixes a bug with esbuild's TypeScript parser where a conditional type containing a union type that ends with an infer type that ends with a constraint could fail to parse. This was caused by the "don't parse a conditional type" flag not getting passed through the union type parser. Here's an example of valid TypeScript code that previously failed to parse correctly:
```
type InferUnion<T> = T extends { a: infer U extends number } | infer U extends number ? U : never
```